Austrian economics, Banking, Blockchains, content creation, cryptography, Decentralized, Digital Currency, finance, Silver, tokenization, Yogi Nelson

Is Tokenized Silver About to Steal the Bling from Gold?

by Yogi Nelson

Austrian economics, Banking, Blockchains, cryptography, Decentralized, Digital Currency, finance, Gold, International Finance, Stocks, Switzerland, Tether, tokenization, Uncategorized

When Gold Met Code: The Curious Case of Tokenized Bullion

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum



How Does Tokenized Gold Work?

  1. Gold acquisition: The issuer purchases and stores gold bars in accredited vaults.
  2. Token issuance: Smart contracts mint tokens (often, but not exclusively, on the Ethereum network) that represent the stored gold.
  3. Trading and transfer: Tokens can be traded 24/7 on crypto exchanges or used in DeFi platforms as collateral.
  4. Auditing: The issuer publishes proof-of-reserve or third-party audit reports confirming every token is backed by real gold.
  5. Redemption: Token holders may redeem tokens for physical gold or fiat value, depending on the issuer’s rules.

  • Fractional ownership: You can buy tiny portions of gold — even milligrams — democratizing access.
  • High liquidity: Tradeable 24/7 on exchanges, unlike traditional gold markets that close daily.
  • Transparency: Blockchain records all transactions; most issuers provide public audits of gold reserves.
  • No physical storage hassle: Custodians handle vaulting and insurance while you manage digital keys.
  • Global reach: Anyone with internet access can invest, regardless of geography.
  • DeFi integration: Tokenized gold can be lent, borrowed, or used as collateral in smart contracts.

  • Custodial risk: You must trust that the issuer’s vault actually contains the gold it claims. Use a reputable custodian.
  • Smart contract vulnerabilities: Bugs or hacks could impact your tokens.
  • Regulatory uncertainty: Laws governing tokenized commodities differ across countries. The good news is everyday uncertainty diminishes.
  • Redemption limits: Many issuers require high minimums or fees for physical withdrawal. I would love to have this problem–high quantities! lol.
  • Market volatility: Gold’s price can fluctuate, and so will the token’s value. However, market volatility applies equally to physical ownership also.

  1. Research issuers and audits. Confirm the custodian, vault location, and audit frequency.
  2. Choose a token:
  • PAX Gold (PAXG) – 1 token = 1 troy ounce of gold held by Paxos in London vaults.
  • Tether Gold (XAUT) – 1 token = 1 troy ounce of gold stored in Swiss vaults.
  1. Select a platform: Tokens trade on major exchanges like Binance, Kraken, or Bitstamp. Not an endorsement.
  2. Use a compatible wallet: Most tokenized gold runs on Ethereum (ERC-20), so use MetaMask, Ledger, or Trust Wallet. Again, not an endorsement.
  3. Verify proof-of-reserves: Reputable issuers publish audits or on-chain verification data.
  4. Consider redemption: Some issuers allow redemption for physical gold or cash once minimums are met.

📚 Sources

Banking, Blockchains, content creation, cryptography, Decentralized, Digital Currency, finance, International Finance, sec, Stocks, tokenization, Yogi Nelson

From P/E Ratios to Hash Rates: T. Rowe Price Joins the Cool Kids Crypto Community–But is it too Late?

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

  • Investment Objective: To outperform the FTSE Crypto US Listed Index over a long-term horizon (one year plus). That makes it an active product, not a passive tracker. To pull this off, T. Rowe Price would have needed to build internal staff capacity. Did it? Apparently, yes–the firm posted a senior analyst role in its Middle Office Trade Management for Digital Assets Operations, in Baltimore, 2025.
  • Active Strategy: The fund may hold between five and fifteen crypto assets under normal conditions. Managers can adjust exposure based on valuation, momentum, and risk analysis. Essentially, only the top 5 – 15 as defined by market cap.
  • Eligible Assets Only: Holdings must meet strict criteria — commodity tokens traded on compliant markets with adequate surveillance and liquidity. The proposed Clarity Act, making its way through Congress will play an important part regarding eligible assets.
  • No Leverage or Derivatives: The fund will not employ leverage or inverse positions.
  • Structure and Custody: Organized as a trust (not a 1940-Act investment company). Shares trade on NYSE Arca, with an indicative value published every 15 seconds.

Potential Benefits and Opportunities

  • Simplified Access: Investors gain exposure to a diversified basket of crypto assets through a single exchange-listed fund — no self-custody required.
  • Active Management Edge: Skilled managers can tilt allocations toward assets they believe have stronger fundamentals or momentum.
  • Diversification: Exposure to up to 15 tokens reduces single-asset risk and allows tactical rotation.
  • Infrastructure Impact: Large-scale ETFs increase demand for professional custody, reference pricing, blockchain data analytics, and compliance tools.
  • Legitimacy Signal: A major traditional asset manager’s crypto launch helps normalize digital-asset investing for institutional audiences.

Key Risks — Read the Fine Print

  • Volatility: Crypto assets remain highly volatile and can experience dramatic drawdowns.
  • Operational Risk: Eligibility, liquidity, and valuation challenges for newer tokens could affect performance.
  • Regulatory & Tax Uncertainty: Evolving crypto regulation could impact fund operations, tax treatment, or asset legality.
  • No 1940-Act Protection: The trust is not a registered investment company, so it lacks certain mutual-fund safeguards.
  • Index and Benchmark Risk: The FTSE Crypto Index is new; results may differ sharply from passive benchmarks.
  1. SEC Approval: Filing does not equal approval. The SEC will review structure, custody, and disclosure rigorously.
  2. Final Details: Investors await the official ticker symbol, expense ratio, and custody provider.
  3. Portfolio Disclosure: How active management plays out — which tokens are chosen and how often rebalanced — will define the fund’s edge.
  4. Infrastructure Ripple Effects: Increased demand for secure custody and compliant trading across multiple token networks.
  5. Competition: The fund joins an expanding lineup of crypto ETFs; differentiation will depend on performance and costs.

Final Thoughts

The T. Rowe Price Active Crypto ETF represents another bridge between the old world of finance and the emerging digital economy. For nearly a century, T. Rowe Price has managed traditional portfolios; now it is turning its analytical discipline toward digital assets. For investors, this product could provide a balanced, regulated entry into crypto exposure. For the blockchain-AI community, it highlights how institutional design — custody, audits, compliance, token vetting — is evolving alongside decentralized innovation. As we await SEC approval, all eyes will be on how T. Rowe Price implements its active strategy and whether it can truly deliver alpha in the notoriously volatile crypto landscape. Did T.Rowe Price wait too long? Time will tell!

Until next time,

Yogi Nelson

Sources

AI Agents, AI Tools, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchains, content creation, Credit Cards, Decentralized, Digital Currency, Productivity, tokenization, Yoga

Your Browser Just Got a Side Hustle–Meet X402

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

What is X402?

  1. Request: A client hits a paid endpoint (API, dataset, file, compute).
  2. Payment Challenge: The resource server returns HTTP 402 with a machine-readable payment object that specifies asset, amount, chain, and payee.
  3. Payment: The client’s wallet or agent creates a signed transfer (often a gas-abstracted, signature-authorized stablecoin payment on an L2) and executes it.
  4. Retry with Proof: The client replays the request including a payment header with the signed payload/receipt.
  5. Verification: The server or a facilitator confirms settlement onchain (or via a trusted service) and returns 200 OK plus the resource.
  • HTTP-native: Uses standard web semantics so any HTTP-speaking client or server can participate.
  • Blockchain-agnostic: The spec defines how to signal and verify payments, not which chain to use. Early implementations commonly target EVM networks (e.g., Base) for fast, low-cost settlement and support for signature-authorized transfers.
  • Stateless by default: No login or session is required; the payment proof rides with the request.
  • Facilitators: Optional services that abstract node connectivity, confirmation logic, and reporting so web developers don’t need deep blockchain plumbing.
  • AI-first: Built to support autonomous clients (agents) transacting on their own for data, compute, and tools.

Key Use Cases

  • Frictionless onboarding: No forms, cards, or accounts—wallet signatures and stablecoins suffice.
  • Micropayment economics: Low fees and fast settlement on L2s make sub-cent pricing feasible.
  • Programmable access: Gate any HTTP resource with a simple, standardized challenge-response pattern.
  • AI-native: Payments fit naturally into agent request loops.
  • Interoperability: Chain-agnostic signaling allows multi-asset, multi-network payments as support expands.
  • Two-sided adoption: Clients and servers need compatible tooling; wallet/agent support is still rolling out.
  • Regulatory considerations: Facilitators and providers must address AML/KYT and jurisdictional rules.
  • Latency & fees variability: On-chain settlement times and gas must be managed (L2s, batching, deferred/escrowed patterns).
  • Security & replay safety: Implementations must validate signatures, nonce/expiry, and origin to prevent misuse.

Ecosystem, Governance & Adoption

Sources

  1. Cloudflare — Launching the X402 Foundation; X402 primer (Sep 23, 2025)
  2. Coinbase Developer Docs — Welcome to X402How X402 WorksNetwork & Token SupportQuickstart (Buyers)Quickstart (Sellers)
  3. X402 — Project siteOverview PDFWhitepaper
  4. GitHub — coinbase/x402 reference
  5. QuickNode — Implementing a crypto paywall with X402 (guide)Video paywall sample app
  6. Coinbase Blog — Coinbase & Cloudflare will launch X402 Foundation
  7. Cloudflare (Agents) — Agent SDK adds X402 transactions
  8. DappRadar — X402 explainer (micropayments)

AI Agents, AI Tools, Banking, Blockchains, Decentralized, Digital Currency, International Finance, Oracles, Productivity, tokenization, Yogi Nelson

Franklin Templeton’s Benji: Bringing U.S. Government Money Market Funds On-Chain

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

The evolution of money is perpetual. Asset managers, such as Franklin, must constantly evolve our face extinction. Franklin was early to adopt a nascent technology in the 1990’s–the internet. Thirty years later, Franklin remains at the forefront–this time with blockchain. Back in the 1990s, Franklin had an “internet-department” that settled transaction! Eventually, of course, the entire organization adopted the internet. Once again, Franklin and the financial world is experiencing a steady convergence between traditional finance (TradFi) and decentralized finance (DeFi). One of the clearest examples of this integration is Franklin Templeton’s Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund, commonly referred to as Benji. This pioneering initiative represents one of the first regulated U.S. mutual funds to record shares on a public blockchain. While blockchain has often been associated with volatile cryptocurrencies, Benji shows how the technology can be used to modernize stable, regulated financial products—and potentially reshape how capital markets operate.


What Is Benji?

Benji is Franklin Templeton’s blockchain-based version of its U.S. Government Money Market Fund. Launched in 2021, the fund is registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act of 1940, just like any other regulated mutual fund. However, what makes Benji unique is where its shareholder records live. Instead of relying exclusively on traditional databases, the fund records ownership on the Stellar blockchain, with secondary support later expanded to Polygon.

At its core, the fund invests in short-term U.S. government securities—Treasury bills, government agency debt, and repurchase agreements backed by these instruments. This means investors are not exposed to crypto volatility. Rather, they are accessing a conservative, low-risk investment vehicle—but one enhanced with blockchain technology.


How It Works

Investors access the fund through the Benji Investments app, a mobile platform that simplifies account opening, management, and transactions. Each share of the fund is represented by a tokenized security on-chain. Behind the scenes, Franklin Templeton continues to act as the fund manager, custodian, and transfer agent—ensuring compliance with existing U.S. regulatory frameworks.

From the investor’s perspective, the workflow is straightforward:

  1. Onboarding – Investors complete KYC/AML checks just as they would with any regulated investment account.
  2. Purchase – When buying into the fund, they receive blockchain-based tokens representing their shares.
  3. Ownership Records – These shares are recorded and verifiable on the Stellar blockchain.
  4. Liquidity – Investors can redeem their holdings for cash through the app, just as they would with a traditional money market fund.

This hybrid model combines the legal protections of a regulated fund with the transparency and efficiency of blockchain.


Why It Was Created

The motivation behind Benji can be understood on two levels.

1. Modernizing the back office
The traditional asset management industry relies on layers of intermediaries—custodians, transfer agents, clearinghouses, and settlement systems. These processes are expensive and prone to inefficiencies. By recording fund shares on a blockchain, Franklin Templeton seeks to reduce operational friction, automate reconciliation, and lower costs.

2. Bridging traditional and digital finance
As digital assets gain adoption, institutional and retail investors alike want safer ways to access blockchain-powered financial products. A government money market fund offers familiarity and trust, while its on-chain representation allows participation in emerging blockchain ecosystems. This could pave the way for integrating traditional assets into DeFi protocols in a compliant manner.


The Problems Benji Addresses

Benji is designed to solve several persistent challenges in the investment industry:

  • Inefficiency in recordkeeping: Traditional fund operations rely on complex reconciliation processes across multiple intermediaries. On-chain records create a single, immutable source of truth.
  • Limited transparency: Blockchain enables near real-time visibility into share ownership, increasing trust and reducing the potential for errors or disputes.
  • Barriers to access: By packaging the fund into a user-friendly mobile app, Franklin Templeton lowers the threshold for retail investors to participate. Over time, tokenized shares could be integrated into digital wallets and interoperable with other blockchain-based services.
  • Liquidity and speed: Traditional settlement cycles can take days. Blockchain-based records allow for faster, more seamless transactions.

Broader Implications

The launch of Benji is not just a technological experiment; it is a signal of how legacy institutions are adapting to the digital age. Several key implications emerge:

  • Institutional adoption of blockchain: Benji demonstrates that blockchain is not just for cryptocurrencies, but also for regulated, mainstream financial products.
  • Tokenization of real-world assets (RWA): Money market funds are just the beginning. If successful, this model could extend to bonds, equities, real estate, and other asset classes.
  • Pathway to DeFi integration: While Benji operates in a regulated framework, the tokenized nature of its shares opens the door for eventual interoperability with decentralized finance applications—potentially unlocking new liquidity and use cases.
  • Regulatory precedent: Franklin Templeton’s collaboration with the SEC provides a roadmap for other asset managers interested in bringing funds on-chain while staying compliant.

Conclusion

Franklin Templeton’s Benji is a landmark in the evolution of financial markets. By placing shares of a U.S. government money market fund on a blockchain, it bridges the worlds of traditional investing and decentralized technology. For investors, it offers a conservative, regulated product with the added benefits of efficiency and transparency. For the industry, it represents a proof of concept for how tokenization can address long-standing inefficiencies and unlock new opportunities. As blockchain technology matures, Benji may be remembered not just as an isolated experiment, but as the first step toward a new financial architecture—one where traditional assets and digital infrastructure coexist seamlessly.

Until next time,

Yogi Nelson


Sources:

Franklin Templeton Website.

Securities and Exchange Commission

RWA.xyz.

Stellar Lumens Website