Category: Uncategorized

Austrian economics, Banking, Blockchains, cryptography, Decentralized, Digital Currency, finance, Gold, International Finance, Stocks, Switzerland, Tether, tokenization, Uncategorized

When Gold Met Code: The Curious Case of Tokenized Bullion

Yogi Nelson

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

Long before there were governments, banks, or stock brokers, gold was a universal store of value, a hedge against chaos, and a cornerstone of global wealth. When Columbus stepped onto San Salvador, (Bahamas today), indigenous people were using it even though they had no contact with Europeans, Asians, or Africans! Fast forward to 2025 and gold is stepping into the digital revolution through tokenization — a process that turns tangible gold into blockchain-based assets. Hope, you like the image above–I couldn’t resist the shine! lol. Let’s explore what tokenized gold is, how it works, its advantages and risks, and how you can buy it.

What Is Tokenized Gold?

Tokenized gold is a digital representation of physical gold stored in a secure vault. Each blockchain token corresponds to a fixed quantity of real gold — for example, one token per troy ounce or per gram. It’s essentially “physical gold + digital convenience.” Yesterday plus today! Instead of storing bars yourself, (a dangerous proposition) you hold a blockchain token backed by gold that a trusted custodian safeguards. Example: Tokens such as PAX Gold (PAXG) and Tether Gold (XAUT) represent legally redeemable ownership rights in physical gold stored in London or Switzerland. With me so far? Good, then let’s discuss how tokenized gold works.

How Does Tokenized Gold Work?

The five step sequence below is how the ecosystem functions. Essentially, this blend of blockchain transparency and physical backing gives investors a bridge between traditional assets and digital finance. Old gold bugs, sound money supporters, and young millennials can bond!

  1. Gold acquisition: The issuer purchases and stores gold bars in accredited vaults.
  2. Token issuance: Smart contracts mint tokens (often, but not exclusively, on the Ethereum network) that represent the stored gold.
  3. Trading and transfer: Tokens can be traded 24/7 on crypto exchanges or used in DeFi platforms as collateral.
  4. Auditing: The issuer publishes proof-of-reserve or third-party audit reports confirming every token is backed by real gold.
  5. Redemption: Token holders may redeem tokens for physical gold or fiat value, depending on the issuer’s rules.

Advantages of Tokenized Gold

Tokenized gold merges the security of gold with the flexibility of crypto thus making it a winner. In essence, tokenized gold gives you instant liquidity, borderless mobility, and verified backing. The six reasons below should convince anyone:

  • Fractional ownership: You can buy tiny portions of gold — even milligrams — democratizing access.
  • High liquidity: Tradeable 24/7 on exchanges, unlike traditional gold markets that close daily.
  • Transparency: Blockchain records all transactions; most issuers provide public audits of gold reserves.
  • No physical storage hassle: Custodians handle vaulting and insurance while you manage digital keys.
  • Global reach: Anyone with internet access can invest, regardless of geography.
  • DeFi integration: Tokenized gold can be lent, borrowed, or used as collateral in smart contracts.

Disadvantages of Tokenized Gold

Despite the strong arguments for tokenized gold, let’s be honest, tokenization isn’t a perfect replacement for physical gold ownership. As always, do your own due diligence — trust, verification, and transparency matter as much as the gold itself. Consider these drawbacks:

  • Custodial risk: You must trust that the issuer’s vault actually contains the gold it claims. Use a reputable custodian.
  • Smart contract vulnerabilities: Bugs or hacks could impact your tokens.
  • Regulatory uncertainty: Laws governing tokenized commodities differ across countries. The good news is everyday uncertainty diminishes.
  • Redemption limits: Many issuers require high minimums or fees for physical withdrawal. I would love to have this problem–high quantities! lol.
  • Market volatility: Gold’s price can fluctuate, and so will the token’s value. However, market volatility applies equally to physical ownership also.

Where and How to Buy Tokenized Gold

Persuaded? If the answer is yes, consider using these ideas to purchase tokenized gold safely:

  1. Research issuers and audits. Confirm the custodian, vault location, and audit frequency.
  2. Choose a token:
  • PAX Gold (PAXG) – 1 token = 1 troy ounce of gold held by Paxos in London vaults.
  • Tether Gold (XAUT) – 1 token = 1 troy ounce of gold stored in Swiss vaults.
  1. Select a platform: Tokens trade on major exchanges like Binance, Kraken, or Bitstamp. Not an endorsement.
  2. Use a compatible wallet: Most tokenized gold runs on Ethereum (ERC-20), so use MetaMask, Ledger, or Trust Wallet. Again, not an endorsement.
  3. Verify proof-of-reserves: Reputable issuers publish audits or on-chain verification data.
  4. Consider redemption: Some issuers allow redemption for physical gold or cash once minimums are met.

Conclusion

Tokenized gold transforms the world’s oldest safe-haven asset into a liquid, programmable, and globally accessible form and that’s the reason for loving it! It allows investors to combine the enduring value of gold with the efficiency of blockchain. Yet, it’s not risk-free: smart-contract flaws, custodial opacity, or unclear regulations can all erode confidence. Tokenized gold sits at the intersection of trust and technology, and success depends on maintaining both. As the world continues merging traditional assets with blockchain infrastructure, tokenized gold offers a glimpse of how digital finance can modernize centuries-old stores of wealth.

Until next time,

Yogi Nelson

📚 Sources

Banking, Blockchains, content creation, cryptography, Digital Currency, tokenization, Uncategorized, XRP

Understanding Grayscale’s XRP Trust ETF Application

Yogi Nelson

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

On August 22, 2025, Grayscale filed an S-1 registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to launch the Grayscale XRP Trust ETF. The SEC must decide whether to approve, or deny, Grayscale’s application by October 25th. That makes today a perfect moment to examine Grayscale’s S-1 application. I’ll focus exclusively on the section labeled Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations. Keep in mind, what you are about to read is based on the representations made by Grayscale management. Let’s dive in!

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)

Structure and Purpose of the Trust

Grayscale, says the Trust is a passive investment vehicle designed to hold XRP. Its shares reflect the value of underlying XRP, less fees and liabilities. Furthermore, the Trust has no officers or employees; instead, it is managed by its Sponsor. Shares are issued in “Creation Baskets” and can be redeemed in exchange for XRP. No leverage or derivatives are employed, underscoring its conservative mandate.

Accounting Policies

The Trust applies U.S. GAAP investment company standards, claim Grayscale. Transactions are recorded on a trade-date basis, with realized gains calculated via specific identification. Valuation is derived from the principal market, determined annually and reviewed quarterly, with Coinbase identified as the key trading venue in recent assessments.

Financial Performance

  • 2024 Inception Period (Sept–Dec 2024): XRP appreciated from $0.54 to $2.10. Net realized/unrealized gain was $7.27 million, driving net assets to $10.45 million by year-end. Approximately 5.0 million XRP were contributed in connection with Share creations.
  • First Half of 2025: XRP rose from $2.10 (Dec 2024) to $2.32 (June 2025). Three-month net gain: $1.26 million; six-month gain: $919,000. Net assets reached $12.89 million by June 30, 2025, reflecting both price appreciation and new XRP contributions.
  • Expenses: The only recurring cost is the Sponsor’s Fee, typically settled in XRP. About 100,000 XRP were liquidated for fees in the first half of 2025.

Liquidity and Cash Handling

The Trust does not hold significant cash balances except for temporary settlement of creations and redemptions, reports Grayscale. Its model minimizes exposure to fiat and focuses solely on XRP. The Sponsor absorbs nearly all expenses except for extraordinary costs, preserving predictability for shareholders.

Market Risks and Disclosures

The Trust neither borrows funds nor invests in derivatives. It faces risks primarily from XRP’s price volatility and regulatory uncertainty. Historical data show XRP’s price ranged from $0.50 to $3.29 between September 2024 and June 2025, with an average of $1.89.

Organizational Updates

In January 2025, Grayscale underwent an internal reorganization. Sponsorship shifted to Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC (GSIS), a subsidiary of Digital Currency Group. By May 2025, GSIS became the sole Sponsor of the Trust. This change did not materially affect operations.

Business Section

Trust Overview

Formed in Delaware in August 2024, the Trust’s mandate is to provide institutional-grade exposure to XRP. The Trust will trade under the ticker GXRP on NYSE Arca. Shares will be distributed in 10,000-unit “Baskets” to Authorized Participants, which can create or redeem shares in exchange for XRP or cash.

Investment Objective and Arbitrage Mechanism

The ETF aims to mirror the value of XRP held by the Trust, less expenses. The arbitrage mechanism—where Authorized Participants exploit discrepancies between market price and NAV—keeps the share price aligned with underlying XRP value. Shares may still trade at premiums or discounts, particularly during periods of thin liquidity or divergent trading hours between crypto markets and NYSE Arca.

Characteristics of the Shares

  • Accessibility & Cost Efficiency: Investors avoid the complexity of direct XRP custody.
  • Transparency: Listed on a regulated exchange, prices are visible and liquid.
  • Security: XRP holdings are stored in cold storage by Coinbase Custody, using multi-signature, geographically distributed vaults.
  • Minimal Credit Risk: The Trust does not lend or rehypothecate assets.

Custody and Security

Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC is the exclusive custodian. Keys are stored offline in distributed vaults. Transfers require multiple private key shards and verification protocols, reducing single-point-of-failure risks.

Trust Activities

The Trust’s activities include creating and redeeming shares, disposing of XRP for Sponsor’s fees, and distributing assets upon dissolution. It does not actively manage XRP or attempt to generate profits beyond price tracking.

Incidental Rights and Forks

The Trust has adopted a strict policy of abandoning all incidental rights, forks, or airdrops associated with XRP. This simplifies compliance but means shareholders will not benefit from potential windfalls.

Secondary Market Trading

While NAV is based on an index of five major platforms (Coinbase, Bitstamp, Kraken, Crypto.com, LMAX Digital), shares may trade at premiums/discounts on NYSE Arca due to liquidity gaps and non-overlapping trading hours.

XRP Industry Context

The filing outlines XRP’s origins and use case as a bridge currency for cross-border payments. Key details include:

  • Supply: 100 billion XRP were pre-issued; ~59 billion are circulating. Ripple Labs placed 55 billion XRP in escrow to manage supply release.
  • Use Case: XRP enables near-instant, low-cost cross-border settlements compared to traditional methods.
  • Network Governance: Validation relies on a Trusted Node List, with Ripple Labs running 1 of 35 validators.
  • Transaction Fees: Extremely low—0.00001 XRP per transaction—function as spam protection.

Regulatory Environment

The CFTC regulates XRP futures and considers XRP a commodity. The SEC’s stance remains uncertain; a ruling that XRP is a security could dissolve the Trust. In 2025, CME launched XRP futures, subject to heightened CFTC oversight.

Valuation and Index Methodology

NAV is calculated using the CoinDesk Ripple Price Index (XRX), which aggregates volume-weighted prices across exchanges. Methodology emphasizes compliance, liquidity, and AML/KYC adherence. Variances between platforms and the Index have been minimal, averaging less than 1%.

Competitive Differentiation

Grayscale highlights advantages such as institutional-grade custody, transparent methodology, direct XRP ownership, and a competitive fee structure.

Conclusion

Despite challenges such as volatility and regulatory uncertainty, Grayscale has positioned GXRP as a cost-efficient, institutionally secure gateway bridging digital asset markets and traditional securities exchanges, says management. However, investing carries risk, hence do your own research as nothing in this article constitutes financial or investment advice.

Until next time,

Yogi Nelson

bitcoin, Blockchains, cryptography, Decentralized, Digital Currency, International Finance, tokenization, Uncategorized, Yogi Nelson

4 Ways to Invest in Bitcoin: A Comprehensive Guide

Yogi Nelson

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

I first learn of Bitcoin in 2012; at the time I was working as a federal government bank examiner. With hubris I ignored the Bitcoin story–to say it was a bad choice is the financial understatement of the millenia! However, even if I had wanted to buy Bitcoin in 2012, it was not easy to do so. Now as Bitcoins matures from a fringe digital asset into a mainstream financial instrument, investors have multiple avenues to gain exposure. Four of the most prominent methods are: buying a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF), purchasing Bitcoin on a centralized exchange, engaging in peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions, and buying Bitcoin directly on the spot market. While each path provides a stake in Bitcoin’s upside, they differ significantly in transaction mechanics, custody, risk, and security. Let’s explore each of those options, one-by-one, starting with ETFs.

Bitcoin ETFs: Indirect Exposure Through Traditional Finance

How It Works
A Bitcoin ETF is a publicly traded investment vehicle that mirrors the price of Bitcoin. Investors buy shares through a brokerage account, just as they would with an equity ETF. The ETF provider either holds actual Bitcoin (in a spot ETF) or uses futures contracts (in a futures-based ETF) to track performance.

Custody
Custody is handled by the ETF issuer and its appointed custodians, typically regulated financial institutions. Investors never directly own Bitcoin or private keys; instead, they hold ETF shares.

Risk Profile
The main risks here are counterparty and regulatory risks. The ETF depends on custodians’ ability to securely hold the underlying asset, and on regulators maintaining approval for such products. Investors are also exposed to tracking errors—where the ETF’s price diverges slightly from Bitcoin’s spot price.

Safety Considerations
From an investor’s perspective, ETFs are among the safest ways to gain Bitcoin exposure. Brokerage accounts are insured and integrated with traditional finance systems. However, they lack the decentralization ethos of Bitcoin; investors sacrifice sovereignty for convenience and regulatory oversight.

Centralized Exchanges: Accessibility with Custodial Trade-Offs

How It Works
Centralized exchanges (CEXs) such as Coinbase, Binance, and Kraken allow users to buy Bitcoin with fiat currency. The process is straightforward: deposit fiat, place a buy order, and receive Bitcoin in the exchange’s internal wallet.

Custody
In most cases, custody remains with the exchange until users withdraw Bitcoin to a personal wallet. The adage “not your keys, not your coins” reflects the risk—users trust exchanges to safeguard their assets.

Risk Profile
CEXs concentrate custodial risk. They are prime targets for hacks, and history has examples like Mt. Gox where users lost funds. There’s also regulatory and operational risk; governments may restrict access, freeze withdrawals, or impose compliance burdens.

Safety Considerations
Well-established exchanges use cold storage, insurance policies, and compliance protocols to mitigate risks. Still, best practice is to treat CEXs as access points, not long-term storage solutions. The safest move for users is to withdraw purchased Bitcoin into self-custody wallets.

Peer-to-Peer Transactions: Trust and Sovereignty

How It Works
Peer-to-peer (P2P) trading occurs when individuals directly buy or sell Bitcoin from one another. This may happen via dedicated platforms like Paxful or LocalBitcoins, or informally between acquaintances. Payment methods range from cash and bank transfers to mobile money apps.

Custody
Custody depends on the structure of the transaction. Many P2P platforms use escrow smart contracts that hold Bitcoin until both sides confirm payment. Once released, the buyer assumes custody directly, typically into a self-hosted wallet.

Risk Profile
P2P transactions carry counterparty risk. Fraud, scams, and disputes are common, particularly with fiat payment reversals. Legal risk also arises in jurisdictions where P2P Bitcoin sales are restricted or monitored.

Safety Considerations
P2P embodies Bitcoin’s decentralized ethos—users transact without intermediaries and retain control over custody once completed. However, safety depends heavily on reputation systems, escrow protections, and user diligence. In regions with weak financial infrastructure, P2P often becomes the most practical option despite higher personal risk.

Spot Market Purchases: Direct but Institutional

How It Works
The Bitcoin spot market refers to trading platforms—often institutional-grade—where Bitcoin is bought and sold at current market prices for immediate settlement. Examples include major global exchanges or over-the-counter (OTC) desks that facilitate high-volume trades.

Custody
Custody arrangements vary. Some spot desks deliver Bitcoin directly to buyers’ wallets, while others require custodial accounts. Institutional clients may rely on licensed custodians that specialize in digital asset security.

Risk Profile
Spot market transactions reduce exposure to tracking error, since trades reflect real-time Bitcoin prices. Risks revolve around liquidity, counterparty default, and settlement failures. For retail traders, access to true spot markets is often indirect, via exchanges.

Safety Considerations
Because spot desks often serve professional investors, security protocols are robust. Cold storage, multi-signature wallets, and compliance audits are standard. Retail users can replicate this model through reputable exchanges and immediate self-custody, but they must remain cautious about liquidity slippage when trading large amounts.

Key Comparisons

1. Transaction Mechanics
– ETF: Buy shares via brokerage; indirect Bitcoin exposure.
– CEX: Deposit fiat, trade on exchange; simple for retail.
– P2P: Direct trade with individuals; payment varies.
– Spot Market: Institutional-level immediate settlement at live prices.

2. Custody
– ETF: Managed by custodians; investor never holds keys.
– CEX: Custody with exchange unless withdrawn.
– P2P: Custody transfers to user upon escrow release.
– Spot Market: Custody varies; institutions often self-custody via licensed providers.

3. Risk Factors
– ETF: Tracking error, counterparty, and regulatory risk.
– CEX: Hacks, insolvency, regulatory freezes.
– P2P: Counterparty fraud, payment disputes, legal uncertainty.
– Spot Market: Liquidity, settlement, counterparty default.

4. Safety Profile
– ETF: Safest for traditional investors, least aligned with Bitcoin’s ethos.
– CEX: Convenient but should not be used for long-term custody.
– P2P: Empowers sovereignty but demands vigilance.
– Spot Market: Professional-grade security; best for institutions or experienced traders.

Conclusion

Choosing how to gain Bitcoin exposure depends on preferences, risk profile, and other factors particular to the individual. Investors seeking regulated, traditional vehicles may prefer ETFs, even at the cost of direct ownership. Retail participants often start on centralized exchanges for accessibility but should practice safe withdrawal to personal wallets. P2P markets empower financial sovereignty, especially in regions underserved by banks, though with heightened counterparty risk. Spot market purchases represent the most direct institutional approach, ensuring fair pricing and immediate settlement but requiring sophistication. Ultimately, the spectrum of options reflects Bitcoin’s growing integration into both decentralized and traditional financial systems. Whether one values security, sovereignty, or simplicity, understanding custody and risk is central to making an informed choice.

Until next time,

Yogi Nelson

Uncategorized

DTCC: The Silent Backbone of Global Finance

Yogi Nelson

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

The more you learn, the more you realize you need to learn more. When we talk about the future of finance, we often focus on blockchain, AI, and tokenization. But behind the scenes, one institution has quietly been ensuring trust, stability, and efficiency in markets for decades: the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC). If blockchain is the promise of decentralization, DTCC is the anchor of reliability. Here’s why it matters—and why its evolution is worth watching.

What Is DTCC?

The DTCC is the world’s largest post-trade financial services company, born in 1999 from the merger of DTC (Depository Trust Company) and NSCC (National Securities Clearing Corporation). It handles clearing, settlement, custody, and risk management for equities, bonds, derivatives, and more. In 2023, DTCC processed over $2.5 quadrillion in transactions. In short: every time money and securities move, DTCC makes sure they actually arrive.

Why It Matters

  • Clearing & Settlement: Ensures trades close smoothly, reducing counterparty risk.
  • Custody: Safeguards trillions in securities digitally (no paper certificates).
  • Risk Management: Steps in as a central counterparty, even if one party defaults.
  • Data & Transparency: Provides regulators and markets with vital reporting.

Without DTCC, modern markets would look very different—and far riskier.

Blockchain: Threat or Partner?

Some see blockchain as a challenge to DTCC. After all, why need a clearinghouse if a distributed ledger can verify trades? DTCC’s response: collaboration, not competition.

  • In 2017, it piloted a blockchain-based Trade Information Warehouse for credit derivatives.
  • It has explored smart contracts and tokenization to accelerate settlement.
  • Its leaders see blockchain as a way to enhance—not replace—its infrastructure.

Blockchain may decentralize technology, but systemic risk still requires centralized oversight. That’s where DTCC’s role remains critical.

The AI Advantage

AI adds another layer of transformation. Far from replacing DTCC, AI strengthens its ability to secure markets at scale. In DTCC’s world of millions of transactions daily, AI can:

  • Detect fraud and anomalies in real time.
  • Predict credit exposure or market bottlenecks.
  • Automate compliance and reporting through natural language processing.

The Road Ahead

  • T+1 Settlement: The U.S. shift to one-day trade settlement in 2024 reflects DTCC’s modernization push.
  • Blockchain Pilots: Tokenized securities and distributed ledgers are moving closer to mainstream adoption.
  • AI Integration: Smarter risk models and faster reporting are already emerging.

DTCC isn’t standing still—it’s adapting to remain the foundation of tomorrow’s financial system.

Final Thought

The future of finance will be built through partnerships between resilient infrastructure and transformative technologies.

For blockchain and AI innovators, the question isn’t whether DTCC matters. It’s how collaboration with institutions like DTCC will shape the next era of global markets.

💡 What do you think? Will blockchain ever replace institutions like DTCC—or will the future be about integration rather than disruption?

Until next time,

Yogi Nelson

#Finance #Blockchain #AI #DTCC #Innovation #CapitalMarkets

Uncategorized

Understanding Figure Technologies’ IPO: Key Insights

Yogi Nelson

by Yogi Nelson

Welcome to the BlockchainAIForum

Everyone dreams of investing in a Initial Public Offering (IPO) that becomes the next Google, or Amazon, etc. Figure Technologies Solutions, (FTS) previous known as Figure Technologies, Inc., has filed its initial IPO with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Does FTS have what it takes to sky rocket? Maybe maybe not. In the mean time, you can learn about FTS here before you make any decision. This is not financial advice.


Business Overview
Figure Technology Solutions positions itself as a financial technology company aiming to transform lending, payments, and capital markets through blockchain-enabled solutions. Its proprietary Provenance Blockchain is the foundation for many of its products, which include home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), mortgage products, marketplace loan sales, and capital market settlement services. By leveraging blockchain, the company seeks to reduce transaction costs, increase transparency, and enable faster settlement compared to traditional financial processes.

The firm’s customer base includes consumers accessing lending products, financial institutions seeking capital market solutions, and enterprises integrating blockchain technology into financial operations. Figure’s strategy emphasizes scalability, compliance with financial regulations, and partnerships with institutional players to expand blockchain adoption across lending, securitization, and payments.

Key Risk Factors
The company acknowledges significant risks to its business model and growth trajectory. These include:
– Regulatory uncertainty surrounding blockchain and digital assets.
– Dependence on consumer demand for home lending products in a volatile housing market.
– Reliance on Provenance Blockchain and the risks of technology adoption by institutions.
– Exposure to macroeconomic factors such as interest rate fluctuations and inflation.
– Competitive pressure from established banks, fintechs, and emerging blockchain players.

The company also highlights risks specific to the IPO, including concentrated voting control by its co-founder, Michael Cagney, and the complexities of its multi-class share structure.

Recombination and Corporate Structure
Following a corporate reorganization (“Recombination”), Figure Technology Solutions became a holding company, owning 100% of Figure Lending Corp. (FLC) and FMH. These subsidiaries carry out the company’s operating activities. The company’s structure was simplified through this process to facilitate the IPO. A diagram included in the prospectus illustrates the post-Recombination structure with FTI at the top, wholly owning its operating subsidiaries.

Corporate Information
Figure was originally incorporated in Delaware in March 2024 and converted into a Nevada corporation in April 2025. Its headquarters are located at 5 Bryant Park, 34th Floor, New York, NY 10018. The company holds registered trademarks for “Figure” and its associated logos. It emphasizes that website references (figure.com) are not part of the prospectus disclosure.

Emerging Growth Company Status
Figure qualifies as an “emerging growth company” (EGC) under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act of 2012. As an EGC, the company benefits from reduced regulatory and disclosure obligations, including:
– Presenting only two years of audited financial statements and management discussion.
– Exemption from auditor attestation of internal controls.
– Reduced executive compensation disclosures.
– Exemption from shareholder advisory votes on compensation or severance arrangements.
– Ability to delay adoption of new accounting standards.

The company may remain an EGC for up to five years post-IPO or until it surpasses regulatory thresholds in revenue, public float, or debt issuance. Management acknowledges that this reduced disclosure may make the stock less attractive to some investors.

Offering Details
The IPO will consist of both primary and secondary shares of Class A common stock. While the precise number of shares and price range are not yet finalized in the prospectus, the offering is designed to:
– Raise capital for general corporate purposes, including working capital, operations, and potential acquisitions.
– Create a public market for Figure’s equity.
– Enable future capital raising by employees and stockholders.
– Increase the company’s market visibility.

Importantly, the company will not receive proceeds from shares sold by existing stockholders. Net proceeds from the company’s share sales will be used for growth initiatives and potential investments.

Share Structure and Voting Rights
Figure will have a dual-class share structure:
– Class A common stock: one vote per share.
– Class B common stock: ten votes per share.

Michael Cagney, co-founder and board member, will retain control through Class B holdings. This voting arrangement ensures that insiders maintain decision-making authority even as public investors acquire Class A stock. As a result, Figure will qualify as a “controlled company” under stock exchange governance rules, exempting it from certain board independence requirements.

The company has also reserved up to 5% of shares for employees, directors, and insiders via a directed share program. Additionally, its equity incentive plan and employee stock purchase plan will authorize future stock-based compensation.

Transactions and Share Counts
The prospectus outlines several transactions to occur prior to or concurrent with the IPO:
– Conversion of preferred stock into common stock.
– Reclassification of existing common stock into Class A.
– Exchange of some Class A shares into Class B shares by insiders.
– Conversion of some Class B back into Class A in connection with stockholder sales.
– Exercise of stock options by certain selling shareholders.

Post-offering share counts will also reflect restricted stock units (RSUs), option pools, and future reserves under the 2025 Incentive Award Plan and ESPP. These measures are designed to provide long-term equity incentives to employees while preserving insider control.

Governance and Control
Immediately after the IPO, insiders—particularly Michael Cagney—will maintain majority voting control, despite holding a minority of total shares outstanding. This structure ensures continuity of leadership but presents governance risks common to controlled companies. The company has disclosed these risks prominently.

Disclosure Practices
Figure intends to disclose material information through SEC filings, its investor relations website, press releases, public conference calls, and webcasts. Investors are encouraged to monitor these channels for ongoing updates, though website information itself is not incorporated into the prospectus.

Conclusion
Figure Technology Solutions’ IPO prospectus positions the company as a fintech innovator leveraging blockchain to disrupt traditional lending and capital markets. Its emerging growth company status provides flexibility in reporting, though it may limit transparency relative to peers. The dual-class share structure consolidates insider control, balancing stability with governance risk. Proceeds from the offering will support corporate growth and strategic opportunities, while the transaction mechanics streamline its equity structure for public market investors.

Overall, the Prospectus Summary highlights both Figure’s ambition to reshape financial services through blockchain and the inherent uncertainties tied to regulation, competition, and governance.

Until next time,

Yogi Nelson